Explain the 5 main layers. List what each layer does, that is, list the basic objectives or tasks of each layer. It may be useful to provide an example protocol or protocols and describe what tasks it performs (do not discuss how it does it).

Topics/things to know

Main topics from previous midterm

TCP
Simple timing diagrams
AIMD
Timeout
Slow start
Triple duplicate drop and fast retransmit
RTO
Fairness diagram figure 3.53
Connection establishment
SYN attack
Sequence numbers and ACK numbers
How does go-back-N compare to TCP
Where do packets live?
Flow control vs. congestion control

Chapter 5
Page 493: 1, 2*, 3, 9, 10, 13 *
Page 494: 8*, 10, 11, 12, 14 (but with Poisson pkt arrivals, like in class)
The self-learning algorithm (p. 471) and spanning tree algorithm (class notes).
802.11 - why are RTS/CTS used?
ARP

The homework questions for chap 4
Demonstrate distance vector and link state (Dijkstra's algorithm).
Illustrate count to infinity
Bellman equation

Exponential backoff - what is it, how is it used? Compare AIMD to exponential back-off.
Flooding - where is it used, how is it done, E.g, compare flooding in peer-to-peer network, flooding in OSPF, and flooding in Ethernet's self-learning algorithm