Counting Primes
Background:
The "Hacks Memo", usually called HAKMEM, is a collection of interesting
mathematical and programming items discovered/written up
by people who had been at the famous MIT AI lab. HAKMEM is available at
http://www.inwap.com/pdp10/hbaker/hakmem/hakmem.html
One little tidbit, from Bill Gosper, is that "algebra is
run on a machine (the universe) that is two's-complement", (item 154).
Another tidbit is from Gene Salamin, who says that "There
are exactly 23,000 primes less than 2^(18)".
You are to write a program to count how many primes are in a given
range.
Input:
Each line of input will consist of two integers, a and b, both > 0, with
a < b. They will be separated by a space. b will not exceed
4194304 (2^22).
Output:
A single integer saying how many prime numbers are between a and
b, inclusive.
Sample Input:
2 10
10 20
2 262144
Sample Output:
4
4
23000